2025/November Latest Braindump2go FCSS_NST_SE-7.6 Exam Dumps with PDF and VCE Free Updated Today! Following are some new Braindump2go FCSS_NST_SE-7.6 Real Exam Questions!

Question: 1
Consider the scenario where the server’s name indication (SNI) does not match either the common name (CN) or any of the subject alternative names (SAN) in the server certificate.
Which action will FortiGate take when using the default settings for SSL certificate inspection?
A. FortiGate uses the SNI from the user’s web browser.
B. FortiGate closes the connection because this represents an invalid SSL/TLS configuration.
C. FortiGate uses the first entry listed in the SAN field in the server certificate.
D. FortiGate uses the CN information from the Subject field in the server certificate.

Answer: D
Explanation:
When FortiGate performs SSL certificate inspection with default settings, it checks if the Server Name Indication (SNI) matches either the Common Name (CN) or any Subject Alternative Name (SAN) in the server certificate. If there is no match, FortiGate does not block the connection; instead, it uses the CN value from the certificate’s subject field to continue web filtering and categorization.
This behavior is described in the official Fortinet 7.6.4 Administration Guide:
“Check the SNI in the hello message with the CN or SAN field in the returned server certificate: Enable: If it is mismatched, use the CN in the server certificate.” This is the default (Enable) mode, which differs from the Strict mode that would block the mismatched connection.
By default, this policy ensures service continuity and prevents disruptions due to certificate mismatches, allowing FortiGate to log and inspect based on the CN even when the requested SNI does not match. It provides a balance between connection reliability and the accuracy of filtering by certificate identity, allowing security policies to remain functional without unnecessary blocks. This approach is recommended by Fortinet to maintain usability for end-users while still supporting granular inspection.
Reference:
FortiGate 7.6.4 Administration Guide: Certificate Inspection SSL/SSH Inspection Profile Configuration

Question: 2
Exhibit.

Refer to the exhibit, which contains partial output from an IKE real-time debug. Which two statements about this debug output are correct? (Choose two.)
A. Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) is enabled in the configuration.
B. The local gateway IP address is 10.0.0.1.
C. It shows a phase 2 negotiation.
D. The initiator provided remote as its IPsec peer ID.

Answer: C, D
Explanation:
From the exhibit, you can observe that the debug output captures an IKEv1 negotiation in aggressive mode. Let’s break down the supporting details in line with official Fortinet IPsec VPN troubleshooting resources and debug guides:
For Option B:
The very first line of the debug output shows: comes 10.0.0.2:500->10.0.0.1:500, ifindex=7.
This indicates the traffic direction—from the remote IP (10.0.0.2) with port 500 to the local IP (10.0.0.1) with port 500. According to Fortinet’s documentation, the right side of the arrow always represents the local FortiGate gateway. Thus, 10.0.0.1 is the local gateway IP address.
For Option D:
You see the statement: negotiation result “remote” and
received peer identifier FQDNCE88525E7DE7F00D6C2D3C00000000
Official debug documentation describes that the “peer identifier” or peer ID sent by the initiator is displayed here. In the context of IKE/IPsec negotiation, this value is used as the IPsec peer ID for authentication and identification purposes. The initiator is providing “remote” as the peer ID for its connection.
Why Not A or C:
Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS): The debug does not show any DH group negotiation in phase 2 (no reference to group2, group5, etc., for phase 2), so you cannot deduce the presence of PFS solely from this output.
Phase 2 negotiation: The log focuses on IKE (phase 1) negotiation and establishment; there’s no reference to ESP protocol, Quick Mode, or other identifiers that would show phase 2 SA negotiation and establishment.
This interpretation aligns with the explanation in the FortiOS 7.6.4 Administration Guide’s VPN section and the official debug command output samples published in Fortinet’s documentation. It
demonstrates how to distinguish between local and remote addresses and how to identify the use of peer IDs.
Reference:
FortiOS 7.6.4 Administration Guide: IPsec VPN and Debugging VPNs
Technical Support Resources on interpreting IKE debug output and peer ID roles

Question: 3
Exhibit.

Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a diagnose command. What can you conclude about the debug output in this scenario?
A. The first server provided to FortiGate when it performed a DNS query looking for a list of rating servers, was 121.111.236.179.
B. There is a natural correlation between the value in the FortiGuard-requests field and the value in the Weight field.
C. FortiGate used 64.26.151.37 as the initial server to validate its contract.
D. Servers with a negative TZ value are less preferred for rating requests.

Answer: C
Explanation:
The exhibit displays the output from the diagnose debug rating command on a FortiGate device. This command is used to display information about FortiGuard Web Filtering or other security-related queries performed by FortiGate to FortiGuard servers. Official Fortinet documentation outlines the meaning of each field in the server list. The FortiGate maintains a list of available FortiGuard servers, selecting the optimal server based on factors such as weight, round-trip time (RTT), and regional settings.
The very first entry in the server list after “Server List” is the server FortiGate initially uses, prioritized by factors such as proximity and RTT. Here, 64.26.151.37 is listed first, and the FortiGuard-requests value confirms that this server handled the highest number of requests.
The IPs, weights, and lost/failed counters are monitored for server performance and selection over time. FortiGate’s default operational logic is to try the first entry for contract validation and use the next in the list if the first is unavailable or has high latency or packet loss.
There is no direct correlation between the Weight and the number of FortiGuard-requests. The servers with higher or lower weights may still handle different request volumes based on availability and performance.
The TZ (time zone) value’s sign (positive or negative) does not affect server preference; it is informational, showing the server’s location relative to UTC, not a rating metric.
DNS query results for FortiGuard servers are not shown here, and the provided servers are not returned in DNS query order.
This command and interpretation are detailed in the FortiOS Administration Guide’s section describing FortiGuard server selection and contract validation processes.
Reference:
FortiOS Administration Guide: FortiGuard Service Connectivity and Debugging
Official Technical Notes on diagnose debug rating output structure

Question: 4
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a policy route table entry.

Which type of policy route does the output show?
A. An ISDB route
B. A regular policy route
C. A regular policy route, which is associated with an active static route in the FIB
D. An SD-WAN rule

Answer: A
Explanation:
The exhibit for question 4 shows a policy route table entry, and key fields are as follows: internet service(1) : Fortinet-FortiGuard(1245324,0.0.0.0,0.0.0.0)
According to the Fortinet official documentation, when a policy route is based on Internet Service Database (ISDB) entries, the route entry will specifically mention “internet service,” showing the service being referenced (in this example, Fortinet-FortiGuard). This is fundamentally different from a regular policy route, which is defined by source, destination, and service wildcards without referencing an ISDB signature. A regular policy route’s output would not contain the line “internet service.”
Policy routes that use ISDB allow FortiGate to steer traffic for specific well-known services (like FortiGuard, Google, Microsoft) based on traffic pattern recognition, even if the destination IP is dynamic. The matching and route selection follow the ISDB tag and can coexist with static or regular policy routes.
Thus, this entry is correctly and uniquely an ISDB route, as explained in the FortiOS policy routing documentation and ISDB configuration references.
Reference:
FortiOS Administration Guide: Policy Routing, ISDB integration and interpretation of route table entries
ISDB-based Routing and Official CLI Outputs in Fortinet’s documentation

Question: 5
Exhibit.

Refer to the exhibit, which shows a FortiGate configuration.
An administrator is troubleshooting a web filter issue on FortiGate. The administrator has configured a web filter profile and applied it to a policy; however the web filter is not inspecting any traffic that is passing through the policy.
What must the administrator do to fix the issue?
A. Disable webfilter-force-off.

B. Increase webfilter-timeout.
C. Enable fortiguard-anycast.
D. Change protocol to TCP.

Answer: A
Explanation:
The exhibit shows a FortiGate configuration under config system fortiguard related to web filtering and FortiGuard options. There is a line:
set webfilter-force-off enable
According to official Fortinet documentation, the “webfilter-force-off” option, when enabled, causes the FortiGate to bypass web filtering for all traffic—even if a web filter profile is applied to a policy. This override is typically used for troubleshooting or performance reasons and is documented as an explicit bypass feature.
If an administrator wants to enforce web filtering inspection, this setting must be disabled. The correct way to restore web filtering functionality is to run:
set webfilter-force-off disable
Once done, traffic passing through policies with web filter profiles will be inspected and filtered as per configuration. Other settings such as timeout or cache TTL do not bypass web filtering; they only affect operational nuances.
Reference:
FortiOS Administration Guide: Web Filtering, FortiGuard Options, “webfilter-force-off” CLI

Question: 6
Which statement about IKEv2 is true?
A. Both IKEv1 and IKEv2 share the feature of asymmetric authentication.
B. IKEv1 and IKEv2 have enough of the header format in common that both versions can run over the same UDP port.
C. IKEv1 and IKEv2 use same TCP port but run on different UDP ports.
D. IKEv1 and IKEv2 share the concept of phase1 and phase2.

Answer: D
Explanation:
IKEv1 (Internet Key Exchange version 1) and IKEv2 are protocols used for establishing IPsec VPN tunnels, and both protocols share the conceptual division into two phases, as clearly described in
Fortinet VPN documentation:
Phase 1 handles negotiation and establishment of a secure IKE Security Association (SA) between peers.
Phase 2 negotiates parameters for the IPsec Security Association, which secures actual data traffic between peers.
While IKEv2 streamlines and improves upon IKEv1 by merging some message exchanges and simplifying configuration, it maintains the same core two-phase concept: Phase 1 (IKE SA) and Phase 2 (IPsec SA). This is a foundational VPN concept referenced widely in both IKEv1 and IKEv2 literature.
Other statements are incorrect:
Asymmetric authentication is possible, but not mandatory for both.
Both protocols commonly use UDP port 500, sometimes 4500 for NAT traversal, but they are not designed to run on TCP.
The protocol feature compatibility over TCP/UDP is not correctly described in the other options. Reference:
FortiOS Administration Guide: IPsec VPN, “IKEv1 vs. IKEv2 Concepts and Phase Negotiations” RFCs and Fortinet VPN solution guides on phase structure

Question: 7
Exhibit 1.

Exhibit 2.

Refer to the exhibits, which show the configuration on FortiGate and partial internet session information from a user on the internal network.
An administrator would like to lest session failover between the two service provider connections.
Which two changes must the administrator make to force this existing session to immediately start using the other interface? (Choose two.)
A. Change the priority of the port1 static route to 11.
B. Change the priority of the port2 static route to 5.
C. Configure unset snat-route-change to return it to the default setting.
D. Configure set snat-route-change enable.

Answer: A, D
Explanation:
FortiOS Admin Guide: Static Routing, SNAT Route Change Feature

Question: 8
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a debug command.

Which two statements about the output are true? (Choose two.)
A. The interlace is part of the OSPF backbone area.
B. There are a total of five OSPF routers attached to the vorz4 network segment
C. One of the neighbors has a router ID of 0.0.0.4.
D. In the network connected to port4, two OSPF routers are down.

Answer: A, B
Explanation: Reference:
FortiOS Admin Guide: OSPF, Debug Outputs

Question: 9
Refer to the exhibit.

Which three pieces of information does the diagnose sys top command provide? (Choose three.)

A. The miglogd daemon is running on CPU core ID 0.
B. The diagnose sys top command has been running for 18 minutes.
C. The miglogd daemon would be on top of the list, if the administrator pressed m on the keyboard.
D. The cmdbsvr process is occupying 2.4% of the total user memory space.
E. If the neweli daemon continues to be in the R state, it will need to be manually restarted.

Answer: ACD
Explanation:
https://community.fortinet.com/t5/FortiGate/Technical-Tip-Using-the-diagnose-sys-top-CLI- command/ta-p/190238

Question: 10
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output o! the BGP database.

Which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
A. The advertised prefix of 10.20.30.0/24 was configured using the network command.
B. The first four prefixes are being advertised using a legacy route advertisement.
C. The advertised prefix of 10.20.30.0/24 is being advertised through the redistribution of another routing protocol.
D. The output shows all prefixes advertised by all neighbors as well as the local router.

Answer: A, D
Explanation:
For Option A:
In Fortinet BGP (and standard BGP), when a prefix is displayed with an “i” (lowercase i) in the Path column, it represents an internal prefix that originated from the local router, typically configured via the BGP “network” command. In the exhibit, the prefix 10.20.30.0/24 is listed with a Path value of i, indicating it was injected into BGP by the local router using the network statement, not via redistribution from another routing protocol. The same logic applies to i as documented: “Origin code ‘i’ means the route was injected via the network command.”
For Option D:
The get router info bgp network output is a summary table displaying both local and received BGP routes. It lists all known routes to the BGP process, whether received from peers or originated locally. The exhibit shows all BGP prefixes known to the local router, matching the official admin guide’s description of this command’s output.
Explanation for B and C:
The phrase “legacy route advertisement” is not formalized in BGP documentation or Fortinet’s admin guide; the output uses standard BGP mechanics.
If a route was redistributed into BGP from another routing protocol, the Path field would display a “?” (question mark) for incomplete (redistributed) origin. Here the /24 route has “i” so it is NOT a redistribution.
Reference:
FortiOS Administration Guide: BGP Configuration and Route Table Interpretation
Official BGP Command Reference: Show BGP Network, Path Codes, Route Origination Indicators

Question: 11
In which two slates is a given session categorized as ephemeral? (Choose two.)
A. A UDP session with only one packet received
B. A UOP session with packets sent and received
C. A TCP session waiting for the SYN ACK
D. A TCP session waiting for FIN ACK

Answer: A, C

Question: 12
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of get router info bgp summary.

Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
A. The local ForliGate has received one prefix from BGP neighbor 100.64.1.254.
B. The TCP connection with BGP neighbor 100.64.2.254 was successful.
C. The local FortiGate has received 18 packets from a BGP neighbor.
D. The local FortiGate is still calculating the prefixes received from BGP neighbor 100.64.2.264

Answer: A, C
Explanation:
The get router info bgp summary output lists BGP neighbor status:
Prefix Reception: The “State/PfxRcd” column shows the number of prefixes received from the neighbor—neighbor 100.64.1.254 has “1”, confirming option A.
Received Message Count: Under “MsgRcvd”, 18 packets have been received from neighbor 100.64.1.254. This matches option C.
The second neighbor 100.64.2.254 is in “Active” state and has received/sent 0 packets, indicating that its TCP connection is NOT established, disproving option B.
There is no indication anywhere that the router is “still calculating” prefixes; “Active” just means no session is established, so option D is incorrect.
Reference:
FortiOS BGP Command Reference: BGP Neighbor States, PfxRcd, and Counters

Question: 13
Which exchange lakes care of DoS protection in IKEv2?
A. Create_CHILD_SA
B. IKE_Auth
C. IKE_Req_INIT
D. IKE_SA_NIT

Answer: C
Explanation:
The IKE_SA_INIT exchange in IKEv2 is responsible for DoS protection measures. During IKE_SA_INIT, before authentication and further exchange, the responder can use cookie challenges (per RFC 7296 and Fortinet VPN documentation). If a DoS attack is suspected (many requests from the same source), the responder replies with a cookie. Only after the initiator returns the correct cookie does the exchange proceed, protecting the responder from state exhaustion and certain forms of DoS traffic at the handshake stage.
Reference:
FortiOS VPN Manual: IKEv2 Exchange Process and DoS Protections IKEv2 RFC 7296: Description of IKE_SA_INIT and DoS Cookie Mechanism

Question: 14
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial output of the fssod daemon real-time debug command.

What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
A. The workstation with IP 10.124.2.90 will be polled frequently using TCP port 445 to see if the user is still logged on.
B. The logon event can be seen on the collector agent installed on Windows.
C. FSSO is using DC agent mode to detect logon events.
D. FSSO is using agentless polling mode to detect logon events.

Answer: A, D
Explanation:
https://community.fortinet.com/t5/FortiGate/Troubleshooting-Tip-How-to-troubleshoot-FSSO- agentless-polling/ta-p/214349
From the snippet we can see that FortiGate (via the fssod daemon) is directly detecting the user logon rather than relying on a separate “collector” or “DC agent.” This indicates agentless polling— FortiGate polls the DC’s event logs over TCP 445 to discover logons. So: – FSSO is using agentless polling mode to detect logon events – In agentless mode, FortiGate will periodically poll the same IP (the DC) on port 445 to see if the user is still logged o

Question: 15
An administrator wants to capture encrypted phase 2 traffic between two FotiGate devices using the built-in sniffer.
If the administrator knows that there Is no NAT device located between both FortiGate devices, which command should the administrator run?
A. diagnose sniffer packet any ‘udp port 500’
B. diagnose sniffer packet any ‘lp proto 50’
C. diagnose sniffer packet any ‘udp port 4500’
D. diagnose sniffer packet any ‘ah’

Answer: B
Explanation:
To capture encrypted IPsec phase 2 (ESP) traffic between two FortiGate devices, the correct protocol filter to use is ip proto 50. According to the Fortinet official sniffing and debugging documentation, ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) is used for encrypted phase 2 payload transfer and always uses IP protocol number 50. Running the command diagnose sniffer packet any ‘ip proto 50’ captures only ESP packets, which represent the encrypted traffic—whether originating or transiting the device.
If there is no NAT device between FortiGates, ESP is not encapsulated in UDP (thus not on UDP port 4500; if NAT-T were required, packets would be UDP-encapsulated, but the scenario explicitly says NAT is not in use). UDP port 500 is for IKE control (negotiation) traffic, and AH (Authentication Header, ip proto 51) is not used for encryption in standard IPsec phase 2 with ESP.
This matches the official CLI reference from Fortinet for VPN and traffic analysis.
** Reference:
FortiOS CLI Reference: diagnose sniffer packet, ESP, IP Protocol Numbers FortiGate VPN Administration Guide: Traffic Capture and Analysis of IPsec Traffic

Question: 16
Refer to the exhibits.

An administrator Is expecting to receive advertised route 8.8.8.8/32 from FGT-A. On FGT-B, they confirm that the route is being advertised and received, however, the route is not being injected into the routing table. What is the most likely cause of this issue?
A. A batter route to the 8.8.8.8/32 network exists in the routing table.
B. FGT-B is configured with a prefix list denying the 8.8.8.8/32 network to be injected into the routing table.
C. The administrator has misconfigured redistribution of routes on FGT-A.
D. FGT-8 is configured with a distribution list denying the 8.8.8.8/32 network to be injected into the routing table.

Answer: B
Explanation:
The 8.8.8.8/32 route is visible in the OSPF database on FGT-B but not installed into the routing table—the most likely explanation is that FGT-B is filtering it from being installed.

Question: 17
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a BGP debug command.

What can you conclude about the router in this scenario?
A. The router 100.64.3.1 needs to update the local AS number in its BGP configuration in order to bring up the 8GP session with the local router.
B. An inbound route-map on local router is blocking the prefixes from neighbor 100.64.3.1.
C. All of the neighbors displayed are part of a single BGP configuration on the local router with the neighbor-range set to a value of 4.
D. The BGP session with peer 10.127.0.75 is up.

Answer: D
Explanation:
The BGP debug output shows session information for peers, including state details. According to official Fortinet BGP documentation, if the session state with a peer does not show “Idle,” “Active,” or “Connect,” but instead shows “Established,” “Up,” or related counters (e.g., messages sent/received or uptime), it indicates the session is operational. In this scenario, the peer 10.127.0.75 is the only one showing a positive indication of a live, established session. Other options like neighbor-range configuration, AS mismatch, or route-maps blocking prefixes are not supported by evidence provided in a simple BGP session state debug, nor does the output show errors relating to local or remote AS issues.
The correct interpretation comes from Fortinet’s BGP troubleshooting guide, which outlines how to read session status and neighbor states in debug and summary outputs.
Reference:
FortiOS BGP Debugging Guide: Session State Interpretation BGP CLI Reference: Neighbor Status Fields

Question: 18
Which two statements about an auxiliary session ate true? (Choose two.)
A. With the auxiliary session selling disabled, only auxiliary sessions are offloaded.
B. With the auxiliary session setting enabled. ECMP traffic is accelerated to the NP6 processor.
C. With the auxiliary session setting enabled. Iwo sessions are created in case of routing change.
D. With the auxiliary session setting disabled, for each traffic path. FortiGate uses the same auxiliary session.

Answer: B, C
Explanation:
Auxiliary sessions in Fortinet are designed to support ECMP (Equal Cost Multi-Path) and SD-WAN scenarios, allowing sessions to be handled efficiently when traffic needs to be dynamically distributed across multiple links. With the auxiliary session setting enabled, FortiGate creates additional session table entries for each possible path in ECMP or SD-WAN—meaning that if the routing path changes (such as a link failover), a new session can be immediately activated and offloaded to the NP6 network processor for acceleration, ensuring minimal disruption. This greatly benefits high-throughput deployments.
Official documentation specifies that when auxiliary sessions are enabled, FortiGate doesn’t just rely on dynamically creating new sessions after a routing event, it proactively creates sessions for all potential paths. This means that in the event of a route change, two sessions exist and the traffic is quickly re-routed and offloaded, maximizing performance and reliability. Without this feature, multiple paths cannot be efficiently offloaded, and routing changes trigger a single session update, reducing failover performance.
Reference:
FortiOS Handbook: Session Table, ECMP, SD-WAN, and Auxiliary Sessions FortiGate NP6 Acceleration Guide: Auxiliary Session Behavior

Question: 19
Exhibit.

Refer to the exhibit, which contains a screenshot of some phase 1 settings.
The VPN is not up. To diagnose the issue, the administrator enters the following CLI commands on an SSH session on FortiGate:

However, the IKE real-time debug does not show any output. Why?
A. The administrator must also run the command diagnose debug enable.
B. The debug shows only error messages. If there is no output, then the phase 1 and phase 2 configurations match.
C. The log-filter setting is incorrect. The VPN traffic does not match this filter.
D. Replace diagnose debug application ike -1 with diagnose debug application ipsec -1.

Answer: A
Explanation:
To display debug output on FortiGate devices, you must always run both the application-specific debug command and the global debug enable command. The command diagnose debug application ike -1 sets up the detail level for the IKE daemon debug, but it does not display any debug output on its own. As described in the FortiOS CLI debugging manuals, the command diagnose debug
enable activates debug output on the console, making all previously set debugs visible. This is especially important for VPN troubleshooting—without the enable command, no output appears even if there is VPN traffic.

The correct diagnostic sequence is: diagnose debug application ike -1 diagnose debug enable
This procedure is found in every FortiOS CLI debug tutorial and troubleshooting workflow. Reference:
FortiOS CLI Reference: Debugging VPNs and Real-time Debug Output FortiGate VPN Troubleshooting Guide: Required Steps for Debug Output

Question: 20
Which two statements are true regarding heartbeat messages sent from an FSSO collector agent to FortiGate? (Choose two.)
A. The heartbeat messages can be seen using the command diagnose debug authd fsso list.
B. The heartbeat messages can be seen in the collector agent logs.
C. The heartbeat messages can be seen on FortiGate using the real-lime FSSO debug.
D. The heartbeat messages must be manually enabled on FortiGate.

Answer: B, C
Explanation:
According to the official Fortinet documentation (Technical Tip: Useful FSSO Commands), heartbeat messages play a crucial role in communication between the FSSO Collector Agent and FortiGate.
These messages are regularly sent from the Collector Agent to verify its status, maintain session awareness, and confirm connectivity between the authentication infrastructure and FortiGate appliances.
Option B is confirmed by Fortinet, as the collector agent logs on Windows or its management console will specifically note heartbeat events, connection status, and any issues maintaining contact with FortiGate units.
Option C is validated by both official CLI documentation and the technical tip linked. On FortiGate, heartbeat messages from the collector agent are visible using real-time debug tools such as diagnose debug application authd or FSSO-specific commands. These enable administrators to monitor live logon states, session status, and connection health directly from the FortiGate CLI. The debug stream shows heartbeats received and their effect on active logons, associating health monitoring with active sessions.

Heartbeat operation is fully automated once FSSO is set up—there is no requirement for manual enablement or configuration, aligning with Fortinet’s philosophy of seamless integration and centralized management across the Security Fabric. This ensures that both FortiGate and the collector agent can quickly and reliably detect any miscommunication or outage, addressing authentication issues proactively.
Reference:
Technical Tip: Useful FSSO Commands (Fortinet Community)
FortiOS Administration Guide: FSSO, Collector Agent, Heartbeat, CLI Debug

Question: 21
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a truncated output of a real-time LDAP debug.

What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
A. The name of the configured LDAP server is Lab.
B. The user is authenticating using CN=John Smith.
C. FortiOS is able to locate the user in step 3 (Bind Request) of the LDAP authentication process.
D. FortiOS is performing the second step (Search Request) in the LDAP authentication process.

Answer: B, D
Explanation:
According to Fortinet’s LDAP authentication workflow as described in the FortiOS Administration Guide and the official LDAP debug log interpretation, each authentication attempt is split into several key steps: Bind Request, Search Request, and then, if successful, a Bind as the found user DN. In the provided debug output, we see “start search_dn-base” with a filter “sAMAccountName=jsmith” and the log line “Going to SEARCH state,” confirming that FortiOS is in the second step—the Search Request (Option D). Official documentation highlights this exact phrase “SEARCH state” as indicative of Step 2 within the LDAP process (“Bind → Search → Bind”).
Additionally, the last line “Found DN 1: CN=John Smith, CN=Users, DC=TAC, DC=ottawa, DC=fortinet, DC=com” verifies that the system has successfully mapped the username to the Distinguished Name

(DN) and this user is “John Smith.” The authentication will now proceed using this mapped user (Option B). Fortinet’s logs record the found DN after a successful search, which is a strong confirmation that the user’s credentials can be validated against the found DN.
Options A and C are not supported directly by the debug output shown:
The server name “Lab” is referenced as part of the request, but not explicitly as the LDAP server’s configured name in this output.
Step 3 (Bind Request) would follow finding the DN, but the log here demonstrates the Search and DN found—per Fortinet, this precedes the actual Bind/validation step.
Reference:
FortiOS Administration Guide: LDAP Authentication Process and Debug Logs Fortinet Official KB: LDAP Integration Workflow and Log Interpretation

Question: 22
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a session entry.

Which statement about this session is true?
A. Return traffic to the initiator is sent to 10.1.0.1.
B. Return traffic to the initiator is sent lo 10.200.1.254.
C. It is an ICMP session from 10.1.10.10 to 10.200.1.1.
D. It is an ICMP session from 10.1.10.1 to 10.200.5.1.

Answer: B
Explanation:
The session output reveals a session with proto=1 (ICMP) and the origin and reply directions show address and NAT translations. Specifically, the hook=post dir=org act=snat shows that source NAT is performed for outgoing packets, where the source 10.1.10.10:40602 is translated to 10.200.5.1:8 (likely ICMP id 8, not a TCP/UDP port). The reply direction, hook=pre dir=reply act=dnat, indicates destination NAT for incoming packets: packets incoming for 10.200.5.1:60430 are destination-NATed to 10.1.10.10:40602. The gateway (gwy) is listed as 10.200.1.254/10.1.0.1, which for outgoing traffic means that return traffic is directed to the gateway (10.200.1.254), per the NAT policy. This is confirmed by the FortiOS Session Table Guide, which explains that the returned ICMP reply will be routed out to this NAT gateway. The session statistics and logical flow (SNAT out, matching DNAT in) reinforce that reply traffic to the initiator traverses via 10.200.1.254.
Reference:
FortiOS Administration Guide: Session Table, NAT, and Route Interaction Fortinet Technical Note: Diagnose sys session list, Direction and NAT Analysis

Question: 23
Which statement about parallel path processing is correct (PPP)?
A. PPP chooses from a group of parallel options lo identity the optimal path tor processing a packet.
B. Only FortiGate hardware configurations affect the path that a packet takes.
C. PPP does not apply to packets that are part of an already established session.
D. Software configuration has no impact on PPP.

Answer: A
Explanation:
Parallel Path Processing (PPP) in FortiOS refers to the system’s ability to evaluate and select among multiple processing paths—often involving dedicated network processors, content processors, or CPU-based workflows—to optimally process packets. The official documentation highlights that the PPP engine dynamically selects which hardware or software path to use for each session based on session characteristics, policy configuration, and traffic type. This dynamic selection results in optimal throughput and resource utilization.
The document specifies that PPP assesses several processing paths in parallel, using decision logic to determine whether a session should be offloaded to specialist hardware (like NP6, CP9, etc.) or stay in the CPU path, ensuring that each packet is handled by the most efficient available method under current load and policy. Hardware and software configurations both influence this outcome, but it is the PPP engine’s decision-making that defines the optimal path per session.
Reference:
Fortinet FortiGate Handbook: Parallel Path Processing
Fortinet FortiOS Technical Documentation: Packet Flow and Path Selection

Question: 24
In IKEv2, which exchange establishes the first CHILD_SA?
A. IKE_SA_INIT
B. INFORMATIONAL
C. CREATE_CHILD_SA
D. IKE_Auth

Answer: A
Explanation:
According to RFC 7296 (IKEv2) and Fortinet’s official documentation, the IKE_SA_INIT exchange is responsible for negotiating cryptographic parameters, performing the initial Diffie-Hellman exchange, and implementing the cookie challenge mechanism for DoS protection. When the responder suspects a DoS attack (such as mass requests by the same source), it includes a cookie in the IKE_SA_INIT response. The initiator must return the cookie in its next request to prove that it truly exists at the IP address it claims, thereby mitigating resource exhaustion attacks.
This two-step exchange ensures the responder only allocates resources after successful proof of address, aligning with best security practices. Fortinet documentation confirms that this process occurs strictly in the IKE_SA_INIT phase, not in subsequent IKE_Auth or CHILD_SA exchanges.
Reference:
RFC 7296: IKEv2, Section 2.6, “Denial of Service Protection”
Fortinet FortiOS VPN Handbook: IKEv2 Exchange Process and DoS Protection Mechanism

Question: 25
Which authentication option can you not configure under config user radius on FortiOS?
A. mschap
B. pap
C. mschap2
D. eap

Answer: D
Explanation:
According to the official Fortinet administration guide for FortiOS 7.6.4 under the section “Configuring a RADIUS server,” the supported RADIUS authentication methods you can configure via the CLI with config user radius are:
pap chap mschap
mschapv2 auto
The relevant CLI syntax is set auth-type {auto | ms_chap_v2 | ms_chap | chap | pap}. You can confirm this directly in the configuration table and from real CLI sessions.
EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is NOT an authentication option you can directly set under config user radius. EAP methods (such as EAP-TLS, EAP-PEAP, EAP-TTLS) are
negotiated between the RADIUS client and server but are not configurable as an explicit auth-
type option in FortiOS. EAP authentication is typically used automatically by features like 802.1X, not through the user radius object authentication-type setting, and always requires proper
backend workings between supplicant and RADIUS server

Question: 26
Exhibit.

Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial output of diagnose hardware aysinfo memory. Which two statements about the output are true? (Choose two.)
A. There are 98908 kB of memory that will never be used.
B. The user space has 708880 kB of physical memory that is not used by the system.
C. The I/O cache, which has 641364 kB of memory allocated to it.
D. The value indicated next to the inactive heading represents the currently unused cache page.

Answer: B, D
Explanation:
The partial output from diagnose hardware sysinfo memory provides details on system RAM allocation. According to Fortinet’s technical documentation for memory troubleshooting and Linux memory management (which FortiOS is based on):
MemFree is the portion of physical memory not currently allocated to any running process or kernel function. Thus, 708880 kB is available and can be immediately used by user-space programs or system operations.
Inactive refers to pages in the memory cache that were previously in use for I/O or file system buffering but are now not actively referenced. These pages are retained in memory for quick access if needed again, but can be reclaimed for other memory operations if demand increases. The value 98908 kB here represents currently unused cache pages (inactive pages), ready for repurposing or deletion if the system requires more RAM.
Cached represents the total amount of system memory allocated to cache, which includes both active and inactive cache pages. It does not, by itself, represent I/O cache exclusively, nor does “inactive” mean memory “will never be used” as the kernel can re-purpose inactive pages on demand.
Reference:
Fortinet Technical Tip: Explaining the ‘diagnose hard sysinfo memory’ command
FortiOS System Administration Guide: Linux Memory Reporting, Cached and Inactive Statistics

Question: 27
Exhibit.

Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of get system ha status. NGFW-1 and NGFW-2 have been up for a week.
Which two statements about the output are true? (Choose two.)
A. If a configuration change is made to the primary FortiGate at this time, the secondary will initiate a synchronization reset.
B. If port 7 becomes disconnected on the secondary, both FortiGate devices will elect itself as primary.
C. If FGVM…649 is rebooted. FGVM…650 will become the primary and retain that role, even after FGVM…649 rejoins the cluster.
D. If no action is taken, the primary FortiGate will leave the cluster because of the current sync status.

Answer: B, C
Explanation:
FortiGate HA Troubleshooting and Synchronization Guides
Fortinet Admin Guide: HA Primary Role Retention, Cluster Break-up Due to Out-of-Sync Status

Question: 28
Exhibit.

Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial web fillet profile configuration.
Which action does FortiGate lake if a user attempts to access www. dropbox. com, which is categorized as File Sharing and Storage?
A. FortiGate allows the connection, based on the URL Filter configuration.
B. FortiGate blocks the connection as an invalid URL.
C. FortiGate exempts the connection, based on the Web Content Filter configuration.
D. FortiGate blocks the connection, based on the FortiGuard category based filter configuration.

Answer: D
Explanation:
https://community.fortinet.com/t5/FortiGate/Technical-Tip-FortiGate-Static-URL-filter-actions- explained/ta-p/206632

Question: 29
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the omitted output of a session table entry.

Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
A. The traffic has been tagged for VLAN 0000.
B. NP7 is handling offloading of this session.
C. The traffic matches Policy ID 1.
D. The session has been offloaded.

Explanation:
Answer: C, D
In the provided session table output, the following details justify the answers:
Policy ID Match: The line policy_id=1 directly confirms that this session was matched by Firewall Policy ID 1. According to Fortinet’s session table documentation, the policy_id field always references the policy that allowed this session, so this is a clear indicator.
Session Offloading: The presence of the strings npu_state, ips_offload, and notably the NPU info section such as offload=8/8, ips_offload=1/1 shows that this session has been offloaded to the Network Processor Unit (NPU). Fortinet technical documentation states that “offload” values greater than zero in both directions (and an NPU info section) affirm that NPU hardware processing (fast path) is handling this traffic, thus the session is not being handled in software only.
Other options:
VLAN Tagging (vlan=0x0000/0x0000): This means no VLAN tag is assigned to this session.
NP7: The actual NPU model handling the session isn’t exposed in this snippet–the offload parameters shown are generic and not specific to NP7 hardware, so it cannot be concluded from the session data.

Reference:
Fortinet Technical Tip: FortiGate Session Table and NPU Offloading
FortiOS Diagnostics Guide: Policy ID, Offload, and VLAN Session Table Fields

Question: 30
Refer to the exhibit.

Assuming a default configuration, which three statements are true? (Choose three.)
A. Strict RPF is enabled by default.
B. User B: Fail. There is no route to 95.56.234.24 using wan2 in the routing table.
C. User A: Pass. The default static route through wan1 passes the RPF check regardless of the source IP address.
D. User B: Pass. FortiGate will use asymmetric routing using wan1 to reply to traffic for 95.56.234.24.
E. User C: Fail. There is no route to 10.0.4.63 using port1 in the touting table.

Answer: B, C, E
Explanation: Reference:
Fortinet Technical Note: RPF Default Configuration and Routing Table Matching FortiGate Administration Guide: Routing and Asymmetric Routing Controls Community Knowledgebase: Route Lookups and RPF Enforcement on FortiOS

Question: 31
Which two statements about Security Fabric communications are true? (Choose two.)
A. FortiTelemetry and Neighbor Discovery both operate using TCP.
B. The default port for Neighbor Discovery can be modified.
C. FortiTelemetry must be manually enabled on the FortiGate interface.
D. By default, the downstream FortiGate establishes a connection with the upstream FortiGate using TCP port 8013.

Answer: C, D
FortiTelemetry is a critical part of Security Fabric communications and requires explicit configuration for each participating FortiGate interface. The administrative access setting “fabric” (corresponding to FortiTelemetry) must be manually enabled per interface on both upstream and downstream devices. This is performed in the GUI under Administrative Access or via the CLI using the
command set allowaccess fabric for the relevant network interface. Without this step, FortiTelemetry communications will not occur on that interface.
Additionally, the default communication between downstream and upstream FortiGate units in the Security Fabric is over TCP port 8013. This port is well-documented as the standard for Security Fabric and FortiTelemetry connections, and must be open and permitted across the network path for connectivity and status enforcement between units. The downstream FortiGate initiates the connection to the upstream via this port unless otherwise configured. This has also been documented as a PCI-relevant port, showing its default usage.
Other options:
Neighbor Discovery in FortiOS uses IPv6 ND protocol, not TCP.
FortiTelemetry port (8013) can be modified, but the interface Administrative Access for the Security Fabric must be manually enabled; Neighbor Discovery port modification is not documented as a supported change for FortiGate. Reference:
FortiGate/FortiOS Administration Guide: Enabling FortiTelemetry (fabric) on interfaces Fortinet Technical Tip: FortiTelemetry uses TCP port 8013 by default
PCI compliance documentation on port 8013 usage for Security Fabric Fortinet Security Fabric setup procedures and interface options

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